CPU2017 Flag Description
ASUSTeK Computer Inc. ASUS RS500A-E10(KRPA-U16) Server System 2.90 GHz, AMD EPYC 7272
Compilers: AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler Suite
Base Compiler Invocation
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- clang
![[user]](https://www.spec.org/auto/cpu2017/images/user.png)
- CC, LD
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clang is a C compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.
Depending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop before doing a full link.
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- clang++
- CXX, LD
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clang++ C++ compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.
Depending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop before doing a full link.
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- flang
- FC, LD
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flang is a Fortran compiler which encompasses parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking. Depending on
which high-level mode setting is passed, Flang will stop before doing a full link.
Peak Compiler Invocation
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- clang
- CC, LD
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clang is a C compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.
Depending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop before doing a full link.
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- clang++
- CXX, LD
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clang++ C++ compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.
Depending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop before doing a full link.
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- flang
- FC, LD
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flang is a Fortran compiler which encompasses parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking. Depending on
which high-level mode setting is passed, Flang will stop before doing a full link.
Base Portability Flags
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![[suite]](https://www.spec.org/auto/cpu2017/images/suite.png)
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
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This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
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- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
Peak Portability Flags
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- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
-
- EXTRA_PORTABILITY
-
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits
wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks
recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection
applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder
for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
Base Optimization Flags
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-
-
-
-
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- -O3
- COPTIMIZE
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Like -O2, except that it enables optimizations that take longer to perform or that may generate larger code (in
an attempt to make the program run faster).
If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
- Includes:
-
- -ffast-math
- COPTIMIZE
-
Enables a range of optimizations that provide faster, though sometimes less precise, mathematical operations that may
not conform to the IEEE-754 specifications. When this option is specified, the __STDC_IEC_559__ macro is
ignored even if set by the system headers.
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- -march=znver2
- COPTIMIZE
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Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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- -O3
- CXXOPTIMIZE
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Like -O2, except that it enables optimizations that take longer to perform or that may generate larger code (in
an attempt to make the program run faster).
If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
- Includes:
-
- -ffast-math
- CXXOPTIMIZE
-
Enables a range of optimizations that provide faster, though sometimes less precise, mathematical operations that may
not conform to the IEEE-754 specifications. When this option is specified, the __STDC_IEC_559__ macro is
ignored even if set by the system headers.
-
- -march=znver2
- CXXOPTIMIZE
-
Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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- -ffast-math
- EXTRA_FFLAGS, LDFFLAGS
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Enables a range of optimizations that provide faster, though sometimes less precise, mathematical operations that may
not conform to the IEEE-754 specifications. When this option is specified, the __STDC_IEC_559__ macro is
ignored even if set by the system headers.
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-
-
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- -O3
- FOPTIMIZE
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Like -O2, except that it enables optimizations that take longer to perform or that may generate larger code (in
an attempt to make the program run faster).
If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
- Includes:
-
- -march=znver2
- FOPTIMIZE
-
Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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- -Mrecursive
- FOPTIMIZE
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Allocate local variables on the stack, thus allowing recursion.
SAVEd, data-initialized, or namelist members are always allocated
statically, regardless of the setting of this switch.
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Peak Optimization Flags
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-
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-
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- -march=znver2
- COPTIMIZE
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Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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- -m32
- CC, LD
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Generate code for a 32-bit environment. The 32-bit environment sets int, long and
pointer to 32 bits and generates code that runs on any i386 system. The compiler generates x86 or IA32
32-bit ABI. The default on a 32-bit host is 32-bit ABI. The default on a 64-bit host is 64-bit ABI if the target
platform specified is 64-bit, otherwise the default is 32-bit.
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-
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-
-
-
- -march=znver2
- COPTIMIZE
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Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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- EXTRA_COPTIMIZE
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In the 502/602.gcc benchmark description,
"multiple definitions of symbols" is listed under the "Known Portability Issues" section, and this option is one of the
suggested workarounds. This option causes Clang to revert to the same inlining behavior that GCC does when in pre-C99
mode.
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- -march=znver2
- COPTIMIZE
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Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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- -m32
- CXX, LD
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Generate code for a 32-bit environment. The 32-bit environment sets int, long and
pointer to 32 bits and generates code that runs on any i386 system. The compiler generates x86 or IA32
32-bit ABI. The default on a 32-bit host is 32-bit ABI. The default on a 64-bit host is 64-bit ABI if the target
platform specified is 64-bit, otherwise the default is 32-bit.
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- -march=znver2
- CXXOPTIMIZE
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Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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-
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- -march=znver2
- CXXOPTIMIZE
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Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify
-march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but
which may not exist on earlier products.
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Implicitly Included Flags
This section contains descriptions of flags that were included implicitly
by other flags, but which do not have a permanent home at SPEC.
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- -O2
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Moderate level of optimization which enables most optimizations. This is the default when no "-O" option is
specified, or if no value is specified (i.e. "-O").
If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
- Includes:
-
- -O1
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Somewhere between -O0 and -O2.
If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
-
- -O3
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Like -O2, except that it enables optimizations that take longer to perform or that may generate larger code (in
an attempt to make the program run faster).
If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
- Includes:
Using numactl to bind processes and memory to cores
For multi-copy runs or single copy runs on systems with multiple sockets, it is advantageous to bind a process to a
particular core. Otherwise, the OS may arbitrarily move your process from one core to another. This can affect
performance. To help, SPEC allows the use of a "submit" command where users can specify a utility to use to bind
processes. We have found the utility 'numactl' to be the best choice.
numactl runs processes with a specific NUMA scheduling or memory placement policy. The policy is set for a
command and inherited by all of its children. The numactl flag "--physcpubind" specifies
which core(s) to bind the process. "-l" instructs numactl to keep a process's memory on the
local node while "-m" specifies which node(s) to place a process's memory. For full details on using
numactl, please refer to your Linux documentation, 'man numactl'
Note that some older versions of numactl incorrectly interpret application arguments as its own. For
example, with the command "numactl --physcpubind=0 -l a.out -m a", numactl will interpret
a.out's "-m" option as its own "-m" option. To work around this problem, we put
the command to be run in a shell script and then run the shell script using numactl. For example:
"echo 'a.out -m a' > run.sh ; numactl --physcpubind=0 bash run.sh"
Transparent Huge Pages (THP)
THP is an abstraction layer that automates most aspects of creating, managing, and using huge pages. THP is designed
to hide much of the complexity in using huge pages from system administrators and developers, as normal huge pages
must be assigned at boot time, can be difficult to manage manually, and often require significant changes to code in
order to be used effectively. Most recent Linux OS releases have THP enabled by default.
Linux Huge Page settings
If you need finer control you can manually set huge pages using the following steps:
- Create a mount point for the huge pages:
mkdir /mnt/hugepages
- The huge page file system needs to be mounted when the systems reboots. Add the following to a system boot
configuration file before any services are started:
mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /mnt/hugepages
- Set
vm/nr_hugepages=N in /etc/sysctl.conf where N is the maximum number of pages the
system may allocate.
- Reboot to have the changes take effect.
Note that further information about huge pages may be found in the Linux kernel documentation file
hugetlbpage.txt.
ulimit -s <n>
Sets the stack size to n kbytes, or unlimited to allow the stack size to grow without limit.
ulimit -l <n>
Sets the maximum size of memory that may be locked into physical memory.
powersave -f (on SuSE)
Makes the powersave daemon set the CPUs to the highest supported frequency.
/etc/init.d/cpuspeed stop (on Red Hat)
Disables the cpu frequency scaling program in order to set the CPUs to the highest supported frequency.
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
An environment variable that indicates the location in the filesystem of bundled libraries to use when running the
benchmark binaries.
kernel/randomize_va_space
This option can be used to select the type of process address space randomization that is used in the system, for
architectures that support this feature.
- 0 - Turn the process address space randomization off. This is the default for architectures that do not support
this feature anyway, and kernels that are booted with the "
norandmaps" parameter.
- 1 - Make the addresses of mmap base, stack and VDSO page randomized. This, among other things, implies that
shared libraries will be loaded to random addresses. Also for PIE-linked binaries, the location of code start is
randomized. This is the default if the
CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK option is enabled.
- 2 - Additionally enable heap randomization. This is the default if
CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK is
disabled.
MALLOC_CONF
An environment variable set to tune the jemalloc allocation strategy during the execution of the binaries. This
environment variable setting is not needed when building the binaries on the system under test.
- cpupower:
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The OS 'cpupower' utility is used to change CPU power governors settings. Available settings are:
- Performance: Run the CPU at the maximum frequency.
- powersave(default): Run the CPU at the minimum frequency.
- ondemand: Scales the frequency dynamically according to current load. Jumps to the highest frequency and then possibly back off as the idle time increases.
- Determinism Slider:
-
This BIOS option allows for AGESA determinism to control performance.
- Performance: Provides predictable performance across all processors of the same type.
- Power: Maximizes performance within the power limits defined by cTDP and PPT.
- Auto (Default setting): Use AGESA default value for deterministic performance control.
- cTDP Control:
-
This BIOS option is for "Configurable TDP (cTDP)", it allows user can set customized value for TDP. Available settings are:
- Auto: Use the fused TDP value.
- Manual(Default setting): Let user specifies customized TDP value.
- cTDP:
-
TDP is an acronym for "Thermal Design Power." TDP is the recommended target for power used when designing the cooling capacity for a server.
EPYC processors are able to control this target power consumption within certain limits. This capability is referred to as "configurable TDP" or "cTDP."
cTDP can be used to reduce power consumption for greater efficiency, or in some cases, increase power consumption above the default value to provide additional performance.
cTDP is controlled using a BIOS option.
The default EPYC cTDP value corresponds with the microprocessor's nominal TDP.
The default cTDP value is set at a good balance between performance and energy efficiency.
The EPYC 7742 cTDP can be reduced as low as 225W, which will minimize the power consumption for the processor under load, but at the expense of peak performance.
Increasing the EPYC 7742 cTDP to 240W will maximize peak performance by allowing the CPU to maintain higher dynamic clock speeds, but will make the microprocessor less energy efficient.
Note that at maximum cTDP, the CPU thermal solution must be capable of dissipating at least 240W or the EPYC 7742 processor might engage in thermal throttling under load.
The available cTDP ranges for each EPYC model are in the table below:
| Model | Minimum cTDP | Maximum cTDP |
|---|
| EPYC 7742 | 225 | 240 |
| EPYC 7702 | 165 | 200 |
| EPYC 7702P | 180 | 200 |
| EPYC 7452 | 155 | 180 |
| EPYC 7H12 | 225 | 280 |
| EPYC 7762 | 225 | 240 |
| EPYC 7642 | 225 | 240 |
| EPYC 7552 | 165 | 200 |
| EPYC 7542 | 225 | 240 |
| EPYC 7532 | 165 | 200 |
| EPYC 7502 | 165 | 200 |
| EPYC 7502P | 165 | 200 |
| EPYC 7402 | 165 | 200 |
| EPYC 7402P | 165 | 200 |
| EPYC 7352 | 155 | 180 |
| EPYC 7302 | 155 | 180 |
| EPYC 7302P | 155 | 180 |
| EPYC 7282 | 120 | 150 |
| EPYC 7272 | 120 | 150 |
| EPYC 7262 | 155 | 180 |
| EPYC 7252 | 120 | 150 |
| EPYC 7232P | 120 | 150 |
| EPYC 7662 | 225 | 240 |
| EPYC 7F72 | 225 | 240 |
| EPYC 7F52 | 225 | 240 |
| EPYC 7F32 | 165 | 200 |
* cTDP must remain below the thermal solution design parameters or thermal throttling could be frequently encountered.
- Power phase shedding:
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Power phase shedding allows efficiency optimization of the voltage regulator across the variety of loads, minimizing average energy consumption by optimizing the powertrain for specific load power states.
Values for this BIOS option can be: Enabled/Disabled. Current default is Enabled.
- SVM Mode:
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This is CPU virtualization function. With SVM enabled you'll be able to install a virtual machine on your system.
Values for this BIOS option can be: Enabled/Disabled. Current default is Enabled.
- SR-IOV support:
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In virtualization, single root input/output virtualization or SR-IOV is a specification that allows the isolation of the PCI Express resources for manageability and performance reasons.
A single physical PCI Express can be shared on a virtual environment using the SR-IOV specification.
If system has SR-IOV capable PCIe Devices, this option Enables or Disables Single Root IO Virtualization Support. Values for this BIOS option can be: Enabled/Disabled. Current default is Enabled.
- DRAM Scrub time:
-
DRAM scrubbing is a mechanism for the memory controller to periodically read all memory locations and write back corrected data.
The time interval for scrubbing the entire memory can be: Disabled/1 hour/4 hours/8 hours/16 hours/24 hours/48 hours/Auto. Current default is Auto(AGESA default value).
- NUMA nodes per socket:
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Specifies the number of desired NUMA nodes per populated socket in the system:
- NPS1: Each physical processor is a NUMA node, and memory accesses are interleaved across all memory channels directly connected to the physical processor.
- NPS2: Each physical processor is two NUMA nodes, and memory accesses are interleaved across 4 memory channels.
- NPS4: Each physical processor is four NUMA nodes, and memory accesses are interleaved across 2 memory channels.
- Auto: Use AGESA default value. Current default is NPS1
Current default is Auto.
- APBDIS:
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Application Power Management (APM) allows the processor to provide maximum performance while remaining within
the specified power delivery and removal envelope. APM dynamically monitors processor activity and generates an
approximation of power consumption. If power consumption exceeds a defined power limit, a P-state limit is applied by
APM hardware to reduce power consumption. APM ensures that average power consumption over a thermally significant
time period remains at or below the defined power limit. Set APBDIS=1 will disable Data Fabric APM and the SOC P-state will be fixed.
Available settings are:
- 0: Disable APBDIS.
- 1: Enable APBDIS.
- Auto (Default setting): Use default value for APBDIS. The current value is 0.
- Package Power Limit Control:
-
This BIOS option allows user can set customized value for processor package power limit(PPT). Available settings are:
- Auto: Use the fused PPT.
- Manual(Default setting): User can set customized PPT.
- Package Power Limit:
-
Set customize processor Package Power Limit (PPT) value to be used on all populated processors in the system. Current default value is 240 = Use the 240W PPT value.
***PPT will be used as the ASIC power limit***
For questions about the meanings of these flags, please contact the tester.
For other inquiries, please contact info@spec.org
Copyright 2017-2020 Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation
Tested with SPEC CPU2017 v1.1.0.
Report generated on 2020-04-14 14:04:23 by SPEC CPU2017 flags formatter v5178.
![[benchmark]](https://www.spec.org/auto/cpu2017/images/benchmark.png)